AERONAUTICS : BASIC CONCEPTS

 WHAT IS AERONAUTICS?

Study of aircrafts which fly into the atmosphere or below stratosphere for commercial or military purposes. Everything about aircrafts , it can be relating to make it , design it or maybe fly it sometimes. And as Aeronautics is the science of these aircrafts, Aviation is a much broader industry wherein aeronautics is a part just as aerospace and the whole commercial market involving these two. Aviation also involves a lot of Geopolitics too about which we will talk in a different blog. Let's talk about aeronautics a bit more:

WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAIN PRINCIPLES OF AERONAUTICS:

THE FOUR MAIN PRINCIPLES OF AERONAUTICS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1)LIFT

2)WEIGHT

3)THRUST

4)DRAG

Now let's understand these principles individually,  

1)LIFT : 

In Layman terms lift is a reaction force which pushes the aircraft upwards and defies weight.

The aircraft attains a specific speed on the runway with the help of it's engines, and what happens is, the shape of the aircraft and the wing is such that it pushes a lot of air downwards, and by reaction to this action the too pushes the aircraft upwards which makes the result of gravity less available.

It is important that the aircraft should be provided enough lift by its shape by taking off. It is important that the lift should be enough as compared to the weight of the aircraft. The aircraft lifts into air only when the magnitude of lift overpasses its weight, and that happens at a specific velocity which varies with every plane.

So, now we can conclude that lift requires enough wingspan, aero-lifting shape, speed or thrust.

2)WEIGHT :

Weight is what it is. It is the force exerted by earth due to it's gravity on the particular objects mass.

Here it is the force which pushes the aircraft down towards earth or ground.

The aircraft flies because the force opposing the weight is more(lift) due to the wing and the engines.

3)THRUST : It is the push force exerted by the engine or engines of an aircraft. Different types of engines do this job in different ways. But the basics concept is same, the engine attached to the aircraft pushes the air backwards with large speed and force then as the reaction to this action the air propels the aircraft forward.

*There are different types of engines using variety of different fuels, among which some types are:

1)TURBOPROP ENGINE

2)TURBOJET ENGINE          (HIGH BYPASS AIR RATIO)

3)JET ENGINE          (LOW BYPASS AIR RATIO)

4)RADIAL ENGINES          (OUTDATED, USED MAJORLY TILL 1960s)

5)CONVENTIONAL PISTON ENGINES          (OUTDATED, USED MAJORLY TILL 1960s)

6)RAMJETS OR SCRAMJETS          (USED IN HYPERSONIC FLIGHTS)

4)DRAG: 

In Layman's terms it's the friction offered by air to the plane. Which is simultaneously is a friend and also a foe to the plane. Reducing it makes aircraft more efficient but we also can't make it zero because this is the thing which plays major part in generating lift. Its the Engineer's ability to maximize the constructive drag which is helpful and minimise the latter.

SO THESE WERE SOME BASICS OF AERONAUTICS, NOW MORE IN NEXT BLOGS.